I'm not expert enough to be sure but my understanding is that the keys to the SIM card in your phone are not materially different to the SIM in your payment card. Both of which are produced by Gemalto.
It may not be the information that the NSA and GCHQ were looking for but it's concerning to think they (or others) could clearly have that data too.
“Gaining access to a database of keys is pretty much game over for cellular encryption,” says Matthew Green, a cryptography specialist at the Johns Hopkins Information Security Institute. The massive key theft is “bad news for phone security. Really bad news.”
https://firstlook.org/theintercept/2015/02/19/great-sim-heist/
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